基于 Kaptcha 实现分布式验证码登录

前言

为了防止验证系统被暴力破解 ,基于很多系统都增加了验证码效验,现分比较常见的布式就是图片二维码 ,业内比较安全的验证是短信验证码,当然还有一些拼图验证码,码登加入人工智能的基于二维码等等 ,我们今天的现分主题就是前后端分离的图片二维码登录方案  。香港云服务器

未分离验证码登录方案

传统的布式项目大都是基于session交互的 ,前后端都在一个项目里面,验证比如传统的码登SSH项目或者一些JSP系统 ,当前端页面触发到获取验证码请求,基于可以将验证码里面的现分信息存在上下文中,所以登录的布式时候只需要 用户名  、密码 、验证验证码即可。免费模板码登

验证码生成流程如下

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登录验证流程如下

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可以发现,整个登录流程还是依赖session上下文的 ,并且由后端调整页面 。

分离验证码登录方案

随着系统和业务的不停升级 ,前后端代码放在一起的项目越来越臃肿,已经无法快速迭代和职责区分了,于是纷纷投入了前后端分离的怀抱 ,发现代码和职责分离以后,源码下载开发效率越来越高了,功能迭代还越来越快,但是以前的验证码登录方案就要更改了。

验证码生成流程如下

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对比原来的方案 ,增加了redis中间件 ,不再是存在session里面了 ,但是后面怎么区分这个验证码是这个请求生成的呢?所以我们加入了唯一标识符来区分

登录验证流程如下

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可以发现,建站模板基于前后端分离的分布式项目登录方案对比原来 ,加了一个redis中间件和token返回 ,不再依赖上下文session,并且页面调整也是由后端换到了前端

动手撸轮子

基于验证码的轮子还是挺多的 ,本文就以Kaptcha这个项目为例 ,通过springboot项目集成Kaptcha来实现验证码生成和登录方案。

Kaptcha介绍

Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目

我找的模板下载这个轮子是基于SimpleCaptcha二次封装的 ,maven依赖如下

复制<!--Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency>1.2.3.4.5.6.

新建项目并加入依赖

依赖主要有 SpringBoot 、Kaptcha 、Redis

复制pom.xml <?xml versinotallow="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lzp</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/><!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <dependencies> <!--Kaptcha是一个基于SimpleCaptcha的验证码开源项目--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- redis依赖commons-pool 这个依赖一定要添加 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67. Redis配置类RedisConfig 复制@Configuration publicclass RedisConfig { @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory){ RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>(); redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return redisTemplate; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15. 验证码配置类KaptchaConfig 复制@Configuration publicclass KaptchaConfig { @Bean public DefaultKaptcha producer(){ DefaultKaptcha defaultKaptcha = new DefaultKaptcha(); Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border", "no"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.border.color", "105,179,90"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.color", "black"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.width", "110"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.image.height", "40"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.string","23456789abcdefghkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHKMNPRSTUVWXYZ"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.size", "30"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.space","3"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.session.key", "code"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.char.length", "4"); properties.setProperty("kaptcha.textproducer.font.names", "宋体,楷体,微软雅黑"); // properties.setProperty("kaptcha.obscurificator.impl","com.xxx");可以重写实现类 properties.setProperty("kaptcha.noise.impl","com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise"); Config config = new Config(properties); defaultKaptcha.setConfig(config); return defaultKaptcha; }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25. 验证码控制层CaptchaController

为了方便代码写一块了,讲究看;

复制import com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha; import com.lzp.kaptcha.service.CaptchaService; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; @RestController @RequestMapping("/captcha") publicclass CaptchaController { @Autowired private DefaultKaptcha producer; @Autowired private CaptchaService captchaService; @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/get") public CaptchaVO getCaptcha() throws IOException { // 生成文字验证码 String content = producer.createText(); // 生成图片验证码 ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = null; BufferedImage image = producer.createImage(content); outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", outputStream); // 对字节数组Base64编码 BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); String str = "data:image/jpeg;base64,"; String base64Img = str + encoder.encode(outputStream.toByteArray()).replace("\n", "").replace("\r", ""); CaptchaVO captchaVO =captchaService.cacheCaptcha(content); captchaVO.setBase64Img(base64Img); return captchaVO; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50. 验证码返回对象CaptchaVO 复制public class CaptchaVO { /** * 验证码标识符 */ private String captchaKey; /** * 验证码过期时间 */ private Long expire; /** * base64字符串 */ private String base64Img; public String getCaptchaKey() { return captchaKey; } public void setCaptchaKey(String captchaKey) { this.captchaKey = captchaKey; } public Long getExpire() { return expire; } public void setExpire(Long expire) { this.expire = expire; } public String getBase64Img() { return base64Img; } public void setBase64Img(String base64Img) { this.base64Img = base64Img; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38. 验证码方法层CaptchaService 复制import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.CaptchaVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.UUID; @Service publicclass CaptchaService { @Value("${ server.session.timeout:300}") private Long timeout; @Autowired private RedisUtils redisUtils; privatefinal String CAPTCHA_KEY = "captcha:verification:"; public CaptchaVO cacheCaptcha(String captcha){ //生成一个随机标识符 String captchaKey = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); //缓存验证码并设置过期时间 redisUtils.set(CAPTCHA_KEY.concat(captchaKey),captcha,timeout); CaptchaVO captchaVO = new CaptchaVO(); captchaVO.setCaptchaKey(captchaKey); captchaVO.setExpire(timeout); return captchaVO; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. 用户登录对象封装LoginDTO 复制package com.lzp.kaptcha.dto; publicclass LoginDTO { private String userName; private String pwd; private String captchaKey; private String captcha; public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public String getPwd() { return pwd; } public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; } public String getCaptchaKey() { return captchaKey; } public void setCaptchaKey(String captchaKey) { this.captchaKey = captchaKey; } public String getCaptcha() { return captcha; } public void setCaptcha(String captcha) { this.captcha = captcha; } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. 登录控制层UserController

这块我写逻辑代码了 ,相信大家都看的懂;

复制import com.lzp.kaptcha.dto.LoginDTO; import com.lzp.kaptcha.utils.RedisUtils; import com.lzp.kaptcha.vo.UserVO; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") publicclass UserController { @Autowired private RedisUtils redisUtils; @PostMapping("/login") public UserVO login(@RequestBody LoginDTO loginDTO) { Object captch = redisUtils.get(loginDTO.getCaptchaKey()); if(captch == null){ // throw 验证码已过期 } if(!loginDTO.getCaptcha().equals(captch)){ // throw 验证码错误 } // 查询用户信息 //判断用户是否存在 不存在抛出用户名密码错误 //判断密码是源码库否正确,不正确抛出用户名密码错误 //构造返回到前端的用户对象并封装信息和生成token returnnew UserVO(); } }1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.

验证码获取和查看

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